1. Lub zog (lub zog tensile, yield zog)
Lub zog ntawm stainless hlau yog txiav txim los ntawm ntau yam, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov tshuaj sib txawv ntxiv rau nws, feem ntau yog xim hlau. Ntau hom stainless hlau muaj qhov sib txawv zog vim qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
(1) Martensitic stainless hlau
Martensitic stainless hlau muaj tib yam ntxwv ntawm hardening los ntawm quenching raws li zoo tib yam alloy hlau, thiab muaj tib yam txhua yam khoom raws li stainless hlau channel steel. Yog li ntawd, ntau yam khoom siv sib txawv tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev xaiv cov qib thiab kev kho cua sov.
Martensitic stainless hlau yog cais los ntawm ib qho kev pom loj thiab belongs rau cov hlau-chromium-carbon series stainless hlau. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua martensitic chromium series stainless hlau thiab martensitic chromium-nickel series stainless hlau. Kev hloov pauv hauv lub zog thaum cov ntsiab lus xws li chromium, carbon, thiab molybdenum ntxiv rau martensitic chromium-based stainless hlau thiab lub zog ntawm martensitic chromium-nickel-based stainless hlau thaum npib tsib xee ntxiv yog raws li hauv qab no.
Nyob rau hauv quenching-tempering tej yam kev mob ntawm martensitic chromium stainless hlau, nce cov ntsiab lus chromium tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntsiab lus ferrite, yog li txo qhov hardness thiab tensile zog. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej annealing, lub hardness ntawm tsawg-carbon martensitic chromium stainless hlau nce thaum cov ntsiab lus chromium nce, thaum lub elongation txo me ntsis. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus chromium, qhov nce hauv cov ntsiab lus carbon yuav ua rau cov hlau tawv tom qab quenching, thaum lub plasticity yuav txo. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxiv molybdenum yog los txhim kho lub zog, hardness thiab theem nrab hardening nyhuv ntawm hlau. Tom qab qis-kub quenching, cov nyhuv ntawm molybdenum ntxiv yog pom tseeb heev. Cov ntsiab lus feem ntau tsawg dua 1%.
Hauv martensitic chromium-nickel stainless hlau, ib qho nyiaj npib tsib xee tuaj yeem txo cov ntsiab lus delta ferrite hauv cov hlau, tso cai rau cov hlau kom tau txais qhov siab tshaj plaws hardness nqi.
Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm martensitic stainless hlau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom xws li molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium thiab niobium raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke sib txawv ntawm {{0}}}.1%-1.0%C thiab 12. %-27%Cr. Txij li cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg yog ib lub cev-centered cubic qauv, nws lub zog poob sharply ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Hauv qab 600 degree, qhov kub siab zog yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm txhua hom stainless hlau, thiab lub zog creep kuj yog siab tshaj.
(2) Ferritic stainless hlau
Raws li kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam, thaum cov ntsiab lus chromium tsawg dua 25%, cov qauv ferrite yuav inhibit qhov tsim ntawm martensite qauv, yog li lub zog txo qis thaum cov ntsiab lus chromium nce; thaum nws siab tshaj 25%, lub zog yog me ntsis qis vim cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog rau cov nyhuv ntawm cov hlau. txhim kho. Kev nce hauv molybdenum cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem ua rau nws yooj yim dua kom tau txais cov qauv ferrite, txhawb cov nag lossis daus ntawm 'theem, σ theem thiab χ theem, thiab txhim kho nws lub zog tom qab kev daws teeb meem. Tab sis nws kuj ua rau kom rhiab heev, yog li txo qhov toughness. Molybdenum txhim kho lub zog ntawm ferritic stainless hlau ntau dua li chromium.
Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ferritic stainless hlau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm muaj 11% -30% Cr, nrog niobium thiab titanium ntxiv. Nws lub zog kub-kub yog qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm txhua hom stainless hlau, tab sis nws tsis kam rau thermal qaug zog yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws.
(3) Austenitic stainless hlau
Tom qab nce cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv austenitic stainless hlau, lub zog yog txhim kho vim nws cov khoom muaj zog ntxiv zog.
Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm austenitic stainless hlau yog raws li chromium thiab npib tsib xee nrog cov ntsiab lus xws li molybdenum, tungsten, niobium thiab titanium ntxiv. Vim nws cov qauv yog lub ntsej muag-centered cubic qauv, nws muaj lub zog siab thiab creep lub zog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Tsis tas li vim qhov loj linear expansion coefficient, lub zog thermal qaug zog yog qhov phem dua li ntawm ferritic stainless hlau.
(4) Duplex stainless hlau
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm duplex stainless hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus chromium ntawm kwv yees li 25% qhia tias theem kuj nce ntxiv thaum cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee nce hauv cheeb tsam + duplex. Thaum cov ntsiab lus chromium nyob rau hauv cov hlau yog 5%, lub zog tawm ntawm cov hlau mus txog nws cov nqi siab tshaj plaws; thaum cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee yog 10%, lub zog ntawm cov hlau mus txog nws qhov siab tshaj plaws.
