A387 Qib 11 Chav Kawm 1yog chromium-molybdenum alloy steel phaj tau teev tseg raws li tus qauv ASTM A387, dav siv hauv kev tsim cov hlab ntsha siab thiab cov khoom siv boiler uas ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub siab. Nws belongs rau tsev neeg ntawm tsawg- alloy steels uas muaj ib tug nruab nrab ntawm chromium thiab molybdenum, uas imparts zoo zog, creep tsis kam, thiab tsis kam mus rau hydrogen nres nyob rau hauv siab - kub kev pab cuam ib puag ncig. Chav Kawm 1 qhia txog kev kho cua sov zoo li qub thiab ua kom sov, ua rau muaj kev ua kom zoo nkauj microstructure uas sib npaug toughness thiab lub zog rau kev txhim khu kev qha nyob rau hauv thermal thiab mechanical stress. Cov qib no feem ntau yog ua haujlwm hauv cov roj refineries, petrochemical cov nroj tsuag, thiab cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob uas cov cuab yeej raug rau siab - siab thiab siab - cov kua dej kub.
Tensile Requirements rau ASTM A387 Qib 11 Alloy Steel Phaj Chav Kawm 1 Phaj
| Lub npe: | Yuav tsum tau: | Qib 11 |
| A387 Qib 11 | Tensile zog, ksi [MPa] | 75 txog 100 [515 rau 690] |
| Yield zog, min, ksi [MPa] / (0.2% offset) | 43 [310] | |
| Elongation hauv 8 nti. [200mm], min % | 18 | |
| Elongation hauv 2 nti. [50mm], min, % | 22 | |
| Txo thaj tsam, min% | ––– |
Cov Khoom Siv Tshuaj Rau ASTM A387 Qib 11 Alloy Steel Phaj
| Element | Chemical Composition (%) | |
| A387 Qib 11 | ||
| Cov pa roj carbon: | Kev Ntsuas Kub: | 0.05 - 0.17 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.04 - 0.17 | |
| Manganese: | Kev Ntsuas Kub: | 0.40 - 0.65 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.35 - 0.73 | |
| Phosphorus: | Kev Ntsuas Kub: | 0.035 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.035 | |
| Sulfur (max): | Kev Ntsuas Kub: | 0.035 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.035 | |
| Silicon: | Kev Ntsuas Kub: | 0.50 - 0.80 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.44 - 0.86 | |
| Chromium: | Kev Ntsuas Kub: | 1.00 - 1.50 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.94 - 1.56 | |
| Molybdenum: | Kev Ntsuas Kub: | 0.45 - 0.65 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.45 - 0.70 |
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1. Steelmaking thiab Melting (Killed Steel)
Raws li ASTM cov qauv, A387 Qib 11 yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov hlau tua.
Deoxidation: Silicon los yog txhuas yog ntxiv kom tshem tawm cov pa oxygen, tiv thaiv cov roj evolution thiab ua kom muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thoob plaws hauv lub slab.
Kev tswj tsis huv: Cov mills niaj hnub no feem ntau siv lub tshuab nqus tsev degassing kom txo qis phosphorus thiab sulfur qib, uas txo qis hauv qhov tsis xws luag thiab txhim kho weldability.
2. Rolling thiab tsim
Cov hlau slabs yog tsim rau hauv daim hlau siv cov txheej txheem kub Rolling (HR).
Cua sov: Slabs yog rhuab mus rau kwv yees li 1700℃F (925 degree) kom cov hlau malleable.
Kev txo qis: Cov rhuab slab hla dhau ntawm cov chais kom ua tiav qhov kawg teev thickness (siv ntawm 4 hli mus rau 400 hli) thiab dav.
3. Kev kho cua sov (yuav tsum tau)
Kev kho cua sov yog theem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm Qib 11 Chav Kawm 1.
Annealing: Ua kom sov lub phaj saum toj ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv thiab txias maj mam hauv lub cub tawg kom tsim tau cov qauv mos, zoo ib yam.
Normalizing & Tempering (N + T): Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim tshaj plaws. Lub phaj yog rhuab mus rau 900-950℃(1650-1740℃F) thiab cua-txias kom ua kom cov nplej loj, ua raws li tempering.
Tempering Kub: Rau Qib 11, qhov ntsuas kub tsawg kawg nkaus yuav tsum yog 1150℃F (620 degree). Qhov no txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab ua kom lub zog tensile tshwj xeeb xav tau rau Chav Kawm 1 (60–85 ksi).
4. Fabrication thiab Vuam txheej txheem
Vim nws cov chromium siab- cov ntsiab lus molybdenum, cov hlau no muaj peev xwm ua rau tawv tawv thiab tawg thaum vuam.
Preheating: Ua ntej vuam, cov khoom siv feem ntau yuav tsum tau preheating tsawg kawg yog 250℃F (121 degree) kom qeeb qhov txias ntawm qhov vuam thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm brittle martensite.
Tom qab- Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT): Welded structures feem ntau raug rau PWHT (feem ntau ntawm qhov kub zoo ib yam li tempering, nyob ib ncig ntawm 620 degree) kom txo tau cov kev ntxhov siab uas seem thiab txhim kho qhov tawv ntawm cov cua sov- thaj tsam cuam tshuam (HAZ).
5. Kev kuaj ntxiv
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov zoo rau cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb (xws li cov pa roj qaub lossis hydrogen ib puag ncig), daim hlau yuav raug:
Simulated PWHT: Kev ntsuam xyuas tus qauv uas tau dhau los ntawm tib lub tshav kub mus rau lub nkoj zaum kawg yuav tau ntsib thaum tsim khoom.
Kev Ntsuas Ultrasonic (UT): Ua kom muaj suab nrov sab hauv thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm lamination.
HIC/NACE Testing: Txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo rau Hydrogen-Induced Cracking rau kev siv cov refinery.
daim ntawv thov
Cov hlab ntsha thiab boilers
Siv nyob rau hauv fabrication ntawm siab hlab ntsha, boilers, thiab lwm yam Cheebtsam uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv high kub thiab pressures, qhov twg zoo creep kuj thiab lub zog tuav yuav tsum tau.
Cov khoom siv roj refinery
Siv nyob rau hauv refinery units xws li reactors, tshav kub exchangers, thiab piping systems uas lis kub hydrocarbons thiab cov txheej txheem kua.
Petrochemical thiab chemical processing
Siv nyob rau hauv reactors, kem, thiab kub exchangers nyob rau hauv petrochemical thiab tshuaj nroj tsuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias thiab hydrogen{0}} muaj ib puag ncig.
Fais fab tuag systems
Pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, suav nrog cov boilers, lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom sib txuas, qhov uas tiv taus siab -kub oxidation thiab creep yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Lwm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm kub -
Siv rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam uas xav tau cov ntawv hlau nrog cov qib siab zoo - qhov kub thiab txias thiab tiv thaiv hydrogen nres, xws li hauv qee cov txheej txheem cua sov thiab cov khoom siv rauv.
Vim li cas thiaj xaiv peb:
Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom zoo meej raws li qhov koj xav tau ntawm tus nqi tsawg kawg nkaus.
Peb kuj muab Reworks, FOB, CFR, CIF, thiab qhov rooj rau qhov rooj tus nqi xa khoom. Peb xav kom koj ua deal rau shipping uas yuav zoo heev.
Cov ntaub ntawv uas peb muab yog muaj tseeb tiag, txoj cai los ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv xeem daim ntawv pov thawj mus rau qhov kawg dimensional nqe lus.
Peb lav muab cov lus teb tsis pub dhau 24 teev (feem ntau hauv tib lub sijhawm)
Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom hloov pauv, zeb xa khoom nrog txo lub sijhawm tsim khoom.
Peb tau mob siab rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Yog tias nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li koj cov kev xav tau tom qab kuaj xyuas tag nrho cov kev xaiv, peb yuav tsis ntxias koj los ntawm kev cog lus tsis tseeb uas yuav tsim kev sib raug zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Tau txais cov nqe lus hais txog A387 Qib 11 Chav Kawm 1, Hu rau GNEE Steel.
Dab tsi tsis yog -kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj (NDT) txoj kev uas nquag siv rau A 387 Gr 11 CL 1?
Cov txheej txheem NDT feem ntau suav nrog kev kuaj ultrasonic (UT) rau qhov tsis xws luag sab hauv, kuaj cov hlau nplaum sib nqus (MT) lossis kuaj cov kua dej nkag (PT) rau qhov tsis xws luag, thiab kuaj hluav taws xob (RT) rau kev tshuaj xyuas kev sib koom ua ke.
Dab tsi yog qhov yuav tsum tau elongation ntawm A 387 Gr 11 CL 1?
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus elongation nyob rau hauv 50 hli (2 ntiv tes) ntsuas qhov ntev yog 22%, kom ntseeg tau zoo ductility rau kev tsim thiab fabrication.
Qhov ntsuas kub cuam tshuam li cas rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm A 387 Gr 11 CL 1?
Ntawm qhov kub siab (txog 593℃/ 1100℃F), nws khaws zoo tensile zog, nkag siab, thiab qaug zog piv rau carbon steel. Tshaj qhov kub no, nws cov khoom maj mam degrade.
Qhov txawv ntawm A 387 Gr 11 CL 1 thiab A 387 Gr 12 CL 1 yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog cov ntsiab lus molybdenum: Gr 11 CL 1 muaj 0.45-0.65% Mo, thaum Gr 12 CL 1 muaj 0.87-1.13% Mo. Gr 12 CL 1 muaj qhov zoo dua qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam, tab sis kim dua.
Dab tsi yog cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm A 387 Gr 11 CL 1?
Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov hlab ntsha siab, boilers, tshav kub exchangers, thiab petrochemical khoom uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv siab kub, xws li refinery reactors, chav generators, thiab catalytic crackers.
Qhov kev pabcuam siab tshaj plaws rau A 387 Gr 11 CL 1 yog dab tsi?
Nws qhov siab tshaj plaws kev pabcuam kub kub yog kwv yees li 593℃(1100℃F). Tshaj li qhov ntsuas kub no, nws cov creep thiab oxidation kuj poob qis heev.
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm A 387 Gr 11 CL 1 yog dab tsi?
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yield zog yog 205 MPa (30,000 psi) rau daim hlau nrog thickness txog li 50 hli (2 nti); nws yuav txo qis me ntsis rau cov phaj tuab.
A 387 Gr 11 CL 1 puas tuaj yeem hloov nrog A 516 Gr 70?
Tsuas yog rau qis -kub lossis ambient- cov ntawv thov kub. A 516 Gr 70 yog cov pa roj carbon steel uas tsis zoo siab - qhov kub thiab txias, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov A 387 Gr 11 CL 1 hauv siab - kev pabcuam kub.
A 387 Gr 11 CL 1 puas tuaj yeem welded?
Yog, nws yog weldable. Txawm li cas los xij, preheating (feem ntau yog 150-260℃/ 300-500℃F) thiab kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam (PWHT) yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob txias tawg thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab seem, ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.
Cov txheej txheem vuam zoo li cas rau A 387 Gr 11 CL 1?
Cov txheej txheem vuam uas tsim nyog suav nrog cov hlau thaiv hlau arc vuam (SMAW), roj tungsten arc vuam (GTAW/TIG), roj hlau arc vuam (GMAW/MIG), thiab submerged arc vuam (SAW).
Dab tsi yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawv pov thawj rau A 387 Gr 11 CL 1 daim hlau?
Cov phaj yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj raws li ASME SA-387, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv xeem cov ntaub ntawv (MTRs) nrog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab cov ntaub ntawv kho cua sov. Kev tshuaj xyuas thib peb (piv txwv li, ABS, DNV) tej zaum yuav xav tau rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb.