A387 G 11 CL 1yog hais txog chromium-molybdenum alloy steel phaj uas yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev siv hauv welded boilers thiab cov hlab ntsha siab ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub siab.
Specifications rau ASTM A387 Qib 11 Alloy Steel Phaj
| Lub npe | Nominal Chromium Cov ntsiab lus (%) |
Nominal Molybdenum Cov ntsiab lus (%) |
| A387 Qib 11 | 1.25% | 0.50% |
Chemical Composition:
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| 0.04 - 0.17 | 0.35 - 0.73 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.44 - 0.86 | 0.94 - 1.56 | 0.40 - 0.7 |
Txhim khu kev ua tau zoo
Superior High -Tsub Creep Resistance:
Kev suav nrog kwv yees li 1.25% Chromium thiab 0.5% Molybdenum ua rau cov khoom siv kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm qhov kub ntawm 316℃txog 593℃(600℃F - 1100℃F). Molybdenum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, ua raws li tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas ua rau kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg, tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim "ceep" - qhov twg hlau maj mam deforms nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntxhov siab tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias - ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm cov khoom siv siab.
Oxidation thiab Hydrogen Attack Resistance:
Chromium muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv oxidation thiab scaling nyob rau hauv siab -kub ib puag ncig. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nyob rau hauv kev lag luam petrochemical, qib no muaj kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb rau High-Temperature Hydrogen Attack (HTHA). Nws tiv thaiv hydrogen los ntawm reacting nrog carbon nyob rau hauv cov hlau los tsim methane npuas, uas yuav txwv tsis pub ua rau sab hauv fissures thiab kev puas tsuaj loj.
Mechanical Balance (Class 1 vs. Class 2):
Raws li cov khoom siv hauv chav kawm 1, nws yog cua sov- kho kom ua tiav lub zog tensile ntawm 415–585 MPa (60–85 ksi). Thaum Chav Kawm 2 muaj lub zog ntau dua, Chav Kawm 1 muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws ductility thiab toughness. Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau kev tsim thiab vuam, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm nkig tawg thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom lossis thaum lub sijhawm thermal cycling ceev hauv kev ua haujlwm.
manufacturing thiab ua
1. Steelmaking thiab Melting (Killed Steel)
Raws li ASTM cov qauv, A387 Qib 11 yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov hlau tua.
Deoxidation: Silicon los yog txhuas yog ntxiv kom tshem tawm cov pa oxygen, tiv thaiv cov roj evolution thiab ua kom muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thoob plaws hauv lub slab.
Kev tswj tsis huv: Cov mills niaj hnub no feem ntau siv lub tshuab nqus tsev degassing kom txo qis phosphorus thiab sulfur qib, uas txo qis hauv qhov tsis xws luag thiab txhim kho weldability.
2. Rolling thiab tsim
Cov hlau slabs yog tsim rau hauv daim hlau siv cov txheej txheem kub Rolling (HR).
Cua sov: Slabs yog rhuab mus rau kwv yees li 1700℃F (925 degree) kom cov hlau malleable.
Kev txo qis: Cov rhuab slab hla dhau ntawm cov chais kom ua tiav qhov kawg teev thickness (siv ntawm 4 hli mus rau 400 hli) thiab dav.
3. Kev kho cua sov (yuav tsum tau)
Kev kho cua sov yog theem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm Qib 11 Chav Kawm 1.
Annealing: Ua kom sov lub phaj saum toj ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv thiab txias maj mam hauv lub cub tawg kom tsim tau cov qauv mos, zoo ib yam.
Normalizing & Tempering (N + T): Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim tshaj plaws. Lub phaj yog rhuab mus rau 900-950℃(1650-1740℃F) thiab cua-txias kom ua kom cov nplej loj, ua raws li tempering.
Tempering Kub: Rau Qib 11, qhov ntsuas kub tsawg kawg nkaus yuav tsum yog 1150℃F (620 degree). Qhov no txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab ua kom lub zog tensile tshwj xeeb xav tau rau Chav Kawm 1 (60–85 ksi).
4. Fabrication thiab Vuam txheej txheem
Vim nws cov chromium siab- cov ntsiab lus molybdenum, cov hlau no muaj peev xwm ua rau tawv tawv thiab tawg thaum vuam.
Preheating: Ua ntej vuam, cov khoom siv feem ntau yuav tsum tau preheating tsawg kawg yog 250℃F (121 degree) kom qeeb qhov txias ntawm qhov vuam thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm brittle martensite.
Tom qab- Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT): Welded structures feem ntau raug rau PWHT (feem ntau ntawm qhov kub zoo ib yam li tempering, nyob ib ncig ntawm 620 degree) kom txo tau cov kev ntxhov siab uas seem thiab txhim kho qhov tawv ntawm cov cua sov- thaj tsam cuam tshuam (HAZ).
5. Kev kuaj ntxiv
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov zoo rau cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb (xws li cov pa roj qaub lossis hydrogen ib puag ncig), daim hlau yuav raug:
Simulated PWHT: Kev ntsuam xyuas tus qauv uas tau dhau los ntawm tib lub tshav kub mus rau lub nkoj zaum kawg yuav tau ntsib thaum tsim khoom.
Kev Ntsuas Ultrasonic (UT): Ua kom muaj suab nrov sab hauv thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm lamination.
HIC/NACE Testing: Txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo rau Hydrogen-Induced Cracking rau kev siv cov refinery.
Tswv yim Industrial Applications
Roj & Roj thiab Petrochemical Refining:
Vim nws tsis kam mus rau cov roj qaub ib puag ncig thiab siab - siab hydrogen, nws yog tus qauv kev xaiv rau Hydrocrackers, Desulphurization reactors, thiab tshav kub exchangers uas volatile hydrocarbons ua tiav ntawm cov kub hnyav.
Lub zog tiam:
Hauv thermal fais fab nroj tsuag, nws yog siv rau Boiler headers, chav piping, thiab superheater Cheebtsam. Nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam corrosive ntawm siab - siab zog ua rau nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm thermal zog.
Pressure Vessel Fabrication:
Cov khoom siv dav siv los tsim cov khoom hnyav- cov hlab ntsha phab ntsa uas yuav tsum ua raws li ASME Tshooj VIII lossis ASTM cov qauv nruj, muab cov npoo kev nyab xeeb rau kev khaws tshuaj thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Tag nrho cov specification thiab cov ntsiab lus muaj nyob rau ntawm kev thov. Cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no yog muab rau kev taw qhia nkaus xwb. Rau kev tsim tshwj xeeb thov hu rau peb cov neeg ua haujlwm muag khoom.
Dab tsi yog qhov yuav tsum tau elongation ntawm A 387 Gr 11 CL 1?
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus elongation nyob rau hauv 50 hli (2 ntiv tes) ntsuas qhov ntev yog 22%, kom ntseeg tau zoo ductility rau kev tsim thiab fabrication.
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tensile lub zog ntawm A 387 Gr 11 CL 1 yog dab tsi?
Lub zog tensile yam tsawg kawg nkaus yog 415 MPa (60,000 psi) raws li ASME SA-387 tus qauv.
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm A 387 Gr 11 CL 1 yog dab tsi?
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yield zog yog 205 MPa (30,000 psi) rau daim hlau nrog thickness txog li 50 hli (2 nti); nws yuav txo qis me ntsis rau cov phaj tuab.
Dab tsi yog qhov yuav tsum tau elongation ntawm A 387 Gr 11 CL 1?
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus elongation nyob rau hauv 50 hli (2 ntiv tes) ntsuas qhov ntev yog 22%, kom ntseeg tau zoo ductility rau kev tsim thiab fabrication.
Qhov ntsuas kub cuam tshuam li cas rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm A 387 Gr 11 CL 1?
Ntawm qhov kub siab (txog 593℃/ 1100℃F), nws khaws zoo tensile zog, nkag siab, thiab qaug zog piv rau carbon steel. Tshaj qhov kub no, nws cov khoom maj mam degrade.
Brinell hardness (HB) ntau ntawm A 387 Gr 11 CL 1 yog dab tsi?
Brinell hardness ntau yam yog 130-180 HB, uas qhia txog nws cov hardness nruab nrab thiab machinability.
Kev kho cua sov txheem rau A 387 Gr 11 CL 1 yog dab tsi?
Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov yog normalizing thiab tempering. Normalizing yog ua tiav ntawm 899-954℃(1650-1750℃F), ua raws li cua txias; tempering yog ntawm 593-704℃(1100-1300℃F) kom txo tau kev ntxhov siab thiab txhim kho toughness.
A 387 Gr 11 CL 1 puas tuaj yeem welded?
Yog, nws yog weldable. Txawm li cas los xij, preheating (feem ntau yog 150-260℃/ 300-500℃F) thiab kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam (PWHT) yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob txias tawg thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab seem, ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.
Cov txheej txheem vuam zoo li cas rau A 387 Gr 11 CL 1?
Cov txheej txheem vuam uas tsim nyog suav nrog cov hlau thaiv hlau arc vuam (SMAW), roj tungsten arc vuam (GTAW/TIG), roj hlau arc vuam (GMAW/MIG), thiab submerged arc vuam (SAW).
Puas yog qhov txias txias ua tau rau A 387 Gr 11 CL 1?
Yog lawm, nws tuaj yeem ua tau txias, tab sis nws muaj zog ntau dua li carbon steel, yog li tsim kom muaj zog ntau dua. Nws raug nquahu kom ua kev sib sau ntawm chav tsev kub thiab tsis txhob deformation ntau dhau los tiv thaiv kev tawg.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) rau A 387 Gr 11 CL 1 yog dab tsi?
PWHT txo qis qhov seem vuam kev nyuaj siab, txhim kho qhov toughness thiab ductility ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, tshem tawm hydrogen-induced cracking, thiab txhim kho cov khoom tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg ntawm qhov kub siab.
Cov txheej txheem vuam zoo li cas rau A 387 Gr 11 CL 1?
Cov txheej txheem vuam uas tsim nyog suav nrog cov hlau thaiv hlau arc vuam (SMAW), roj tungsten arc vuam (GTAW/TIG), roj hlau arc vuam (GMAW/MIG), thiab submerged arc vuam (SAW).
Dab tsi yog cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm A 387 Gr 11 CL 1?
Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov hlab ntsha siab, boilers, tshav kub exchangers, thiab petrochemical khoom uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv siab kub, xws li refinery reactors, chav generators, thiab catalytic crackers.