Dab tsi yog qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov hlau? (2)
1. Alloy steel rau txhua yam qauv
Hom hlau no hais txog cov hlau alloy uas tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov tshuab thiab cov khoom siv tshuab. Rau lub hauv paus ntawm high-zoo carbon steel, nws yog tsim nyog los ntxiv ib los yog ob peb alloying ntsiab los txhim kho lub zog, toughness thiab hardenability ntawm hlau. Hom hlau no feem ntau yog siv tom qab kev kho cua sov (xws li kev kho tempering, kev kho deg hardening).
Nws feem ntau suav nrog ob pawg ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau siv hlau thiab hlau alloy caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel, xws li tempered alloy steel, nto hardening alloy steel (carburizing steel, nitriding steel, nto high-frequency quenching steel, thiab lwm yam), txias yas sib sau alloy steel (txias. forging steel, txias extrusion steel, thiab lwm yam).
Raws li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem muab faib ua Mn series steel, SiMn series steel, Cr series steel, CrMo series steel, CrNiMo series steel, Ni series steel, B series steel thiab lwm yam.
2. Alloy qauv hlau
Cov pa roj carbon ntsiab lus ntawm alloy structural steel yog qis dua li cov pa roj carbon structural steel, feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.15% -0.50%. Ntxiv nrog rau cov pa roj carbon monoxide, nws tseem muaj ib lossis ntau lub ntsiab lus alloying, xws li silicon, manganese, vanadium, titanium, boron thiab npib tsib xee, chromium, molybdenum thiab lwm yam. Alloy structural steel yog ib qho yooj yim rau harden thiab tsis yooj yim rau deform los yog tawg, uas yog yooj yim los txhim kho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm steel los ntawm kev kho cua sov.
Alloy structural steel yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov tsheb, tsheb laij teb, nkoj, chav turbines, hnyav tshuab cuab yeej ntawm ntau yam kis tau tus mob qhov chaw thiab fasteners. Tsawg carbon alloy steel feem ntau yog carburized, thiab nruab nrab carbon alloy steel feem ntau tempered.
3. Alloy cuab yeej steel
Alloy cuab yeej steel yog nruab nrab thiab siab carbon steel uas muaj ntau yam alloying ntsiab, xws li silicon, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, thiab lwm yam. Alloy cuab yeej steel yog ib qho yooj yim rau harden, tsis yooj yim rau deformation thiab tawg, haum rau manufacturing loj. qhov loj me, cov duab nyuaj ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav, pwm thiab cov cuab yeej ntsuas rau ntau lub hom phiaj, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv hlau alloy steel kuj txawv.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau alloy feem ntau yog {{{0}}}.5-1.5%, thiab cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm steel rau kub deformation tuag yog tsawg, thiab cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm ωc yog nyob rau hauv lub ntau yam ntawm 0.3-0.6%. Cov cuab yeej txiav steel feem ntau muaj txog carbon ωc1%; Cov hlau siv hauv cov pwm ua haujlwm txias muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon siab, xws li cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm graphite tuag steel ωc ntawm 1.5%, thiab cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm high-carbon thiab high-chromium txias ua haujlwm tuag steel ωc ntawm ntau dua 2%.
4. Cov cuab yeej siv siab ceev steel
Cov cuab yeej siv ceev ceev yog cov khoom siv high-carbon high-alloy steel, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau yog 0.7%-1.4%, steel muaj cov ntsiab lus alloy uas tuaj yeem tsim cov carbides siab. , xws li tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium.
Cov cuab yeej siv ceev ceev hlau muaj qhov tawv liab siab, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev kub ceev txiav, qhov kub yog siab li 500-600 degree hardness tsis txo, thiaj li ua kom zoo txiav kev ua tau zoo.
5. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel
Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog siv nyob rau hauv kev poob siab, kev co los yog kev hloov mus sij hawm ntev, yog li lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel yuav tsum muaj lub zog tensile siab, elastic txwv thiab siab qaug zog. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel yuav tsum muaj ib tug tej yam kev mob ntawm hardenability, tsis yooj yim rau decarbonize, thiab zoo nto zoo.
Cov pa roj carbon caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel yog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm ωc nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.6% -0.9% ntawm cov khoom siv zoo carbon steel (xws li cov ntsiab lus ib txwm thiab siab dua manganese). Alloy caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel feem ntau yog silicon manganese series hlau, lawv cov ntsiab lus carbon yog me ntsis qis, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev nce cov ntsiab lus silicon ntawm ωsi (1.3% -2.8%) los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm; Tsis tas li ntawd, chromium, tungsten, vanadium alloy caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ua ke nrog Tuam Tshoj cov peev txheej, thiab raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov cuab yeej tshiab ntawm tsheb thiab tsheb laij teb tsim, cov hlau tshiab nrog boron, niobium, molybdenum thiab lwm yam khoom tau tsim los ntawm silicon-manganese steel, uas txuas ntxiv mus. kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel.
6. Cov kabmob hlau
Bearing steel yog cov hlau siv los ua cov pob, cov menyuam thiab cov kabmob rings. Bearings yog raug rau siab heev thiab kev sib txhuam thaum ua hauj lwm, yog li bearing steel yuav tsum muaj siab thiab uniform hardness thiab hnav tsis kam, raws li zoo raws li ib tug siab elastic txwv. Lub uniformity ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm bearing steel, cov ntsiab lus thiab kev faib ntawm non-metallic inclusions, kev faib ntawm carbides thiab lwm yam yuav tsum nruj heev.
Cov kabmob hlau tseem hu ua cov pa roj carbon siab chromium hlau, carbon ωc yog li 1%, cov ntsiab lus txhuas ωcr yog 0.5% -1.65%. Cov kabmob hlau tau muab faib ua 6 pawg: high-carbon chromium bearing steel, non-chromium bearing steel, carburized bearing steel, stainless bearing steel, nruab nrab thiab kub bearing steel thiab anti-magnetic bearing steel.
7. Hluav taws xob silicon hlau
Silicon steel rau hluav taws xob kev lag luam yog tsuas yog siv los ua silicon steel los xij rau kev lag luam hluav taws xob. Silicon steel ntawv yog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov hlau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov motors thiab transformers. Raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm silicon hlau tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hlau tsis muaj silicon thiab siab silicon steel. Tsawg silicon steel silicon ntsiab lus ωsi{{0}}}0%-2.5%, feem ntau yog siv los tsim lub cev muaj zog; Cov ntsiab lus silicon ntawm high-silicon steel yog ωsi=3.0%-4.5%, uas feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lawv cov ntsiab lus carbon yog ωc=0.06%-0.08%.
8. Rail hlau
Lub tsheb ciav hlau feem ntau dais lub siab thiab cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom dov, yog li. Nws yuav tsum muaj zog txaus thiab hardness thiab ib tug tej yam toughness. Feem ntau siv rail yog qhib-hearth thiab converter smelting carbon tua hlau, cov hlau no muaj carbon ωC=0.6%-0.8%, belongs rau carbon steel thiab siab carbon steel, tab sis cov ntsiab lus manganese ntawm ωMn hauv steel yog siab dua, nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.6%-1.1%. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kev tsheb ciav hlau uas tsis tshua muaj hlau tau siv dav, xws li siab silicon rail, nruab nrab manganese rail, tooj liab rail, titanium rail thiab lwm yam. Piv nrog rau cov pa roj carbon rail, zoo tib yam low-alloy rail yog hnav-resistant thiab corrosion-resistant, thiab nws cov kev pab cuam lub neej yog zoo heev.
Yog tias koj muaj kev xav tau ntau ntxiv thiab cov lus nug txog steel, thov hu rau peb!
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