A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1yog chromium-molybdenum alloy steel phaj them los ntawm ASTM A387 tus qauv, feem ntau siv rau hauv cov welded boilers thiab cov hlab ntsha siab uas ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub siab. Nws yog ib feem ntawm tsev neeg ntawm qis- alloy steels qhov twg chromium thiab molybdenum tau ntxiv los txhim kho lub zog creep, oxidation tsis kam, thiab tag nrho cov kav ntev nyob rau hauv siab - kub. Lub npe "Qib 12" txheeb xyuas qhov tshwj xeeb alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg, thaum "Class 1" qhia tias cov khoom tau muab rau hauv qhov zoo li qub thiab tempered, uas muab kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo ntawm lub zog thiab tawv haum rau ntau qhov siab - kev siv siab hauv cov roj, roj, thiab lub zog tsim kev lag luam. Qib no feem ntau raug xaiv thaum cov khoom siv yuav tsum tiv taus ntev ntev ntawm cov cua sov yam tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
Qib sib npaug
| BS | EN | ASTM / ASME Cov | UNS | DIN |
| – | – | A387/SA 387 | K11757 | – |
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
| Qib | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| ASTM A387 Gr 12 | 0.04 – 0.17 | 0.35 – 0.73 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.13 – 0.45 | 0.74 – 1.21 | 0.4 – 0.65 |
Mechanical Properties
| A387 / SA387 Qib 12 | Chav Kawm 1 | Chav kawm 2 |
| Tensile zog (ksi) | 50-80 | 65-85 |
| Tensile zog (MPa) | 380-550 | 450-585 |
| Yield zog (ksi) | 33 | 40 |
| Yield zog (MPa) | 230 | 275 |
| Elongation hauv 200mm (%) | 18 | 19 |
| Elongation hauv 50mm (%) | 22 | 22 |
| Txo thaj tsam hauv% | – |
|
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1. Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov (Cov txheej txheem txhais)
Raws li ASTM A387 / ASME SA387 tus qauv, Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 yuav tsum tau txais kev kho cua sov tshwj xeeb kom ua tiav nws cov khoom siv zog (Tensile Strength: 380-550 MPa):
Annealing: Ua kom kub siab tshaj qhov kub thiab txias txias kom ua tiav qhov muag muag, kev ntxhov siab -dawb qauv.
Normalizing & Tempering:
Normalizing: Cua- cua txias los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias kom ua kom cov qauv nplej zoo dua.
Tempering: Reheating rau sub- kub tseem ceeb los txhim kho ductility thiab toughness thaum tuav lub zog xav tau.
Stress Relieving (SR): Feem ntau siv tom qab hnyav ua kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv.
2. Steelmaking thiab Rolling txheej txheem
Smelting: Feem ntau ua los ntawm Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob (EAF) lossis Basic Oxygen Rauv, ua raws li Nqus Degassing kom txo qis impurities xws li Sulfur (S) thiab Phosphorus (P).
Precision Rolling: Tswj dov ua kom cov tuab tuab thiab sab hauv sib xws.
Descaling: Siab -dej descaling yog siv thaum lub sij hawm dov los xyuas kom meej qhov chaw huv si.
3. Vuam txheej txheem (Fabrication)
Vim yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm Chromium thiab Molybdenum, cov khoom muaj lub siab tawv. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem vuam tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau:
Preheating: Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tawg, lub phaj feem ntau yog preheated rau tsawg kawg 120℃(250℃F), nyob ntawm qhov tuab.
Vuam txoj kev: Feem ntau siv txoj kev suav nrog SMAW (Shielded Hlau Arc Vuam), SAW (Submerged Arc Vuam), thiab GTAW / TIG (Gas Tungsten Arc Vuam).
Tshaj tawm -Kev kho cua sov (PWHT): Qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv hauv chav kawm 1 kom txo cov tawv nqaij hauv qhov kub ntxhov (HAZ) thiab rov ua kom tawv. Hom PWHT kub ntawm 595℃txog 705℃(1100℃F txog 1300℃F).
4. Kev txiav thiab tsim cov txheej txheem
Thermal Cutting: Nplaim lossis Plasma txiav yog siv rau kev npaj ntug. Preheating feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua ntej txiav cov phaj tuab kom tsis txhob muaj ntug tawg.
Ntug Kev Npaj: Beveling (feem ntau V-puab lossis U-puab) ua raws li kev sib tsoo kom tshem tawm cov oxides thiab xyuas kom meej qhov chaw vuam huv.
Cold/Hot forming: Nyob ntawm lub nkoj lub vojvoog, lub phaj yuav txias- dov los yog kub- tsim. Yog tias kub- tsim, cov khoom yuav xav tau rov- kho cua sov kom rov qab tau nws cov khoom qub Class 1.
Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb
Petrochemical thiab Refining:Siv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab - cov hlab ntsha sib cais, accumulators, refinery piping systems (manifolds thiab headers), thiab tshuaj reactors.
Kev tsim hluav taws xob:Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam boiler nruas, chav pipelines, turbine Cheebtsam, thiab tshav kub exchangers.
Sour Service Ib puag ncig:Nws cov ntsiab lus chromium ua rau nws xaiv tus qauv rau cov nkoj uas tuav cov pa roj thiab cov kua dej hauv "kua" (siab-sulfur) roj thiab roj siv.
Cov Khoom Siv Thermal Txheej Txheem:Zoo tagnrho rau lub plhaub-thiab- raj kub exchangers, reheaters, thiab cua txias qhov twg cov cua sov hloov mus rau qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws
A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 muaj qhov sib npaug tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab thermal uas txawv ntawm lwm qib:
Thermal Efficiency:Nws muaj cov thermal conductivity ntau dua (kwv yees . 44 W/m·K) piv rau siab dua -chromium qib zoo li Qib 11. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev hloov hluav taws xob thiab pab txo qis qhov kub thiab txias hauv cov khoom sib hloov.
Siab -Tsub stability:Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm Molybdenum txhim kho siab -kub tensile lub zog thiab creep kuj, tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm deforming nyob rau hauv sustained tshav kub thiab load.
Corrosion & Oxidation Resistance:Chromium txhim kho cov khoom tiv thaiv rau qhov ntsuas thiab oxidation nyob rau hauv siab -kub ib puag ncig thiab muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv hydrogen nres thiab sulfidation.
Superior Ductility (Class 1 Specific):Piv rau Chav Kawm 2 (uas yog quenched thiab tempered rau siab zog), Chav Kawm 1 yog normalized thiab tempered. Qhov no ua rau lub zog tensile qis tab sis zoo dua ductility thiab toughness, ua kom yooj yim rau kev tsim thiab weld rau hauv cov duab nyuaj.
Tus nqi -Kev ua tau zoo:Nws feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj plaws rau nruab nrab -tej haujlwm kub. Nws muab cov kev ua tau zoo tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv loj - nplai cov khoom lag luam uas qhov kev nyab xeeb huab cua ntau dua - cov nqi alloys (xws li Qib 22 lossis 91) tsis tas yuav tsum muaj.
Weldability:Nws cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj carbon (feem ntau yog 0.05–0.17%) ua kom cov weldability zoo, tso cai rau kev txhim khu kev qha ntawm siab - cov hlab ntsha siab siv cov txheej txheem vuam.
Tiv tauj peb ntawm beam@gneesteelgroup.com rau tus nqi, kev txhawb nqa, lossis kev daws teeb meem. Peb yeej ib txwm npaj los txhawb koj qhov project.
ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 steel feem ntau siv rau dab tsi?
ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 yog chromium -molybdenum alloy steel phaj tsim los rau kev siv lub nkoj siab thiab boiler. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv refineries, petrochemical cov nroj tsuag, thiab lub zog tsim cov chaw uas muaj kub thiab corrosive tej yam kev mob. Cov khoom muaj zog nkag tau zoo thiab oxidation kuj, ua rau nws haum rau headers, siab hlab ntsha, thiab tshav kub exchangers ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab mus rau high kub. Nws cov cua sov- kho mob kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv zoo ib yam thiab weldability.
Dab tsi yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1?
ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 feem ntau muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.50-0.90% chromium thiab 0.45-0.65% molybdenum, nrog rau cov nqi tswj hwm ntawm carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, thiab sulfur. Cov ntsiab lus no pab txhawb rau nws qhov siab - qhov kub thiab txias zog thiab nkag siab tsis kam. Cov ntsiab lus carbon yog txwv los txhim kho weldability thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hardening nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub{10}} cuam tshuam cheeb tsam. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog ua tib zoo sib npaug kom tau raws li cov khoom siv cuab yeej cuab tam tau teev tseg hauv ASTM tus qauv.
Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1?
ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 feem ntau muaj lub zog tensile yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 415-585 MPa thiab lub zog qis tshaj ntawm 205 MPa. Nws pom zoo ductility nrog elongation ntawm ib ncig ntawm 22% lossis ntau dua. Cov hlau kuj tseem muaj qhov tawv tawv zoo heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum normalized thiab tempered, uas pab tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm cov hlab ntsha siab. Cov khoom no ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev siv nyob rau hauv siab - kub thiab siab - ib puag ncig siab qhov kev ntseeg siab yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Kev kho cua sov dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua rau ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1?
ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 feem ntau yog muab rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li qub thiab tempered. Normalization muaj cua sov cov hlau mus rau qhov kub ntawm kwv yees li 890-940 degree, ua raws li cua txias, uas refines lub grain qauv thiab txhim kho lub zog. Tempering yog tom qab ntawd ua tiav ntawm 595-650℃kom txo qis hardness, txhim kho toughness, thiab txo qhov seem seem. Qhov kev kho cua sov no ua kom cov khoom siv sib xws thiab kev sib txuas zoo rau kev tsim cov hlab ntsha siab.
Qhov kev pabcuam siab tshaj plaws rau ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 yog dab tsi?
ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov nrog kev pabcuam kub txog li 593 degree. Nws cov chromium-molybdenum alloying muab kev tiv thaiv oxidation zoo thiab nkag siab lub zog ntawm qhov kub siab. Txawm li cas los xij, ntev - lub sij hawm raug tshaj qhov kub ntawm qhov no yuav txo tau nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm creep deformation. Cov neeg tsim qauv feem ntau xa mus rau ASME Boiler thiab Pressure Vessel Code cov txheej txheem los txiav txim siab qhov txiaj ntsig kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov kub tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb.
Puas yog ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 haum rau vuam?
Yog lawm, ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 feem ntau suav tias yog vuam siv cov txheej txheem vuam xws li SMAW, GMAW, FCAW, thiab SAW. Preheating thiab post-weld heat treatment yog pom zoo kom tiv thaiv hydrogen-induced cracking thiab txo hardness nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub- cuam tshuam cheeb tsam. Preheat kub feem ntau yog li ntawm 150-260 degree, nyob ntawm lub phaj thickness thiab txheej txheem vuam. PWHT nyob ib ncig ntawm 600℃pab rov ua kom tawv nqaij thiab txo qis kev ntxhov siab, ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm welded siab hlab ntsha.
Cov qauv dab tsi feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1?
ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog ASME Boiler thiab Pressure Vessel Code, tshwj xeeb yog Tshooj VIII rau cov hlab ntsha siab thiab Tshooj I rau boilers. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau hauv API cov qauv rau cov khoom siv refinery thiab kev siv petrochemical. Cov khoom siv yog tsim thiab sim raws li ASTM A387, uas qhia meej txog cov kev cai rau cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, txhua yam khoom, kev kho cua sov, thiab tsis yog - kuaj kev puas tsuaj. Cov qauv no ua kom cov hlau ua tau raws li qhov tsim nyog thiab kev ua tau zoo.
ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 yog dab tsi?
ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 feem ntau yog tsim los ua cov phaj hlau rau kev tsim cov hlab ntsha siab. Nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam thicknesses thiab widths kom haum raws li cov kev cai sib txawv. Qee zaum, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab los ua forgings lossis castings rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov phaj feem ntau yog txiav, tsim, thiab welded los tsim cov hlab ntsha siab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam khoom siv kub siab. Cov khoom siv kuj muaj nyob rau hauv quenched thiab tempered tej yam kev mob rau tej daim ntaub ntawv.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm kev siv ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 hauv siab -kev siv kub?
ASTM A387 Qib 12 Chav Kawm 1 muaj ntau qhov zoo rau kev ua haujlwm siab - kub, suav nrog kev nkag siab zoo, muaj zog oxidation zoo, thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ruaj khov nyob rau lub sijhawm. Nws cov chromium-molybdenum alloying pab tswj lub zog ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thaum lub cev muaj zog thiab tempered muaj zog thiab ductility. Cov hlau kuj muaj qhov zoo weldability thiab tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim rau hauv cov txheej txheem siab ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau nws muaj kev xaiv txhim khu kev qha rau refineries thiab fais fab nroj tsuag.